Wednesday, April 18, 2012

As Things Roll On




.:.Blog.:.
 
 

          English may not be a fun subject for many, or may be exciting for others, but for me this class was truly a once in a life time class. I have enjoyed the class and what we have studied, including the extra credit that I had a chance to partake in this year. However, to wrap up this class, I am not here to talk about what happened in this wonderful class. What we learned in this class, besides being tied together by the Humanities and the time frames that these readings belong in, do tie in to each other. More importantly, everything in this class has tied together. From these blog postings to the actual readings, everything has been wonderfully held together by a single back bone. This backbone is from the very first reading that we had in this class. Introduction to Poetry by Billy Collins puts this semester into a wonderful poem:




I ask them to take a poem
and hold it up to the light
like a color slide

or press an ear against its hive.

I say drop a mouse into a poem
and watch him probe his way out,

or walk inside the poem's room
and feel the walls for a light switch.

I want them to waterski
across the surface of a poem
waving at the author's name on the shore.

But all they want to do
is tie the poem to a chair with rope
and torture a confession out of it.

They begin beating it with a hose
to fight out what it really means.


          One may wonder why this poem holds together this class so perfectly, but it is as simple as what Collins says. So much so, that the entire class takes themes from what is being said here. In stanza one, the class was asked to "hold up the poem to the light," and despite how the class wanted to beat the poems during the lectures, we managed to do so and found that within all the poems they all had one thing in common. In my opinion, all of the poems that we read in the first part of the semester truly had one thing in common: death. From Emily Dickinson's "I died for beauty" to Elton John's "The Last Song" to even the Vier letze liede [Last Four Songs] by Hermann Hesse, death is the biggest theme to them all. Dickinson says it right in her title that death is present, like the other two, as if they want you to take the feeling right off the bat that a theme here is death. Its the easiest one to spot, as their texts talk about the cycle of life and death and death itself but there are of course other meanings that the class took, which could be found in the postings that talk about these poems.


          The next theme that is found in all of these postings, the class was asked to "drop a mouse into a poem and watch him probe his way out." We are asked to go through the maze of the readings and find out all we can to it. To go down every path and every thought, just to find not just the way out or the meaning but the experience we take from it. The best way to explain this via textual readings were the readings that had many ways to go. Now, this could be said about a lot of the readings we had but the two I find to be perfect in this stanza are Midsummer's Night Dream and the Canterbury Tales. Chaucer and Shakespeare have something very common just by looking at the two stories; they both have stories within stories. Canterbury Tales is literally tales put together with a backbone, of which you can read more on in the posting, that ties the travelers together. The Dream is truly a dream with many stories within it and many dreams within those stories. So as Collins said, we literally have to "probe" our way out.


          "Walk inside the poem's room and feel the walls for a light switch" explains it all, in my opinion to the next theme. To turn on the light to the meaning or to have the light turned on to a problem is, in short, the next theme. From Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto to the Declaration of Independence, we are truly walking around looking the for the light switch. Not only during the reading and interpretation but in the actual text. We are learning about problems and how to fix them, learning what's wrong and what's right, even as another theme between them all puts it: working. We are truly finding the light switch within these works to both their meaning and to our own lives.


          We mustn't forget while we read all of these works to "wave at the author," as found in the fourth stanza and most importantly the fourth theme. We need to stand back, or waterski, through what we read. Most of the time we get so caught up in what there is, what's happening, that we don't take the time to step back and find the overall appeal or even what the author themselves bring the to the table with these writings. "Eleanor Rigby" says the theme perfectly within the song just like the two arias from Vanessa or "Bisclavret" by Samuel Barber and Marie de France -- respectively of course. In these works, it is so easy to get caught up in their meanings, in what they are saying or doing, that we don't take the time to step back and just look at everything. We dive head first, or just skim without thinking must on it, that we never truly think of the overall appeal that they have, the general meaning or most importantly, how the world was when these were first put out to the public. We don't "wave" or even acknowledge the outside meaning to these works.


          Instead of stepping back from the poem, or looking for the light switch and holding the poem to it, or most importantly wandering through the poem, Collin's said that all we "want to do is tie the poem to a chair with rope and torture a confession out of it" and in truth that is exactly what we did. The class room was too quiet for good discussion, too much like they didn't read the material that we couldn't do anything or even felt like doing anything. In truth, that is the next theme, the fact that we were beating a dead animal, beating and beating and beating until we found no fun in it, no enjoyment. At least, that's how I felt while being in the class during the semester. I looked forward to avid discussions and participation that it was an emotional tie down and a confession beating of not just the works but of my enjoyment.


          Maybe, as I step back and look at it, what happened was just Fate. I do believe, if I look at the last stanza, I just put in the next theme: Fate. In this class, all we did was work on "beating it with a hose" and while this was close to the final few weeks of class, the entire lectures were rough and a drag. That may be thanks to Fate or the Desire to leave or even the Trojan horse that fixed itself into class with the deadly boredom and summer looming to kill us all. Oh? Did I make a pun? I do believe I talked about the Fate, Desire, and the Trojan Horse from the last three readings we did in this class. The Iliad started by bringing in the Trojan war with the Trojan Horse with the Oresteia following with Fate and Desire. These readings were truly the worst readings in this class thanks to the lectures. Don't get me wrong, I love these readings but the lectures were so rough thanks to no one truly enjoying them like I did. No matter what we tried, only a handful of us in the class got interested in these readings. Such a shame.


          I mustn't forget the final stanza in this poem. While it may be the shortest stanza in this poem, it is by far not the least important one out of them when it comes to this class. To "press an ear against its hive" talks about everything that we did in this class from jumping into the text to even what you are reading now. In truth, this one stanza holds the entire class together, and that is the most important theme I can mention. When we entered this class, we were told that we were going to be reading a lot of material and we, thanks to the policy here at college, also have to write a certain amount of works ourselves. I went into the class expecting essays and quizzes and a massive final project. However, as the first week went by, I learned that the massive final project was going to be happening throughout the semester.

          The "blog project" was the class involvement to the text that really got us to "press an ear against its hive" and get our hands into every reading that we had in this class. In my opinion its what help the class, as well as myself, to get more out of the readings than any quiz or test ever would, as they are just memorizing the information instead of truly learning what we are reading. The essays that I expected turned out to be these postings and in truth the postings are double the fun than any essay in my life could ever possess. Essays are gathering information together in a formal paper while blogs are learning about the text and having fun with what we are reading as we find new ways to look at the information give. What truly is memorable about this and I recommend every class that I have from here on out have, is something like these postings. While they take more time and are less words, they are truly the best way to not only learn but to keep with you. Essays and projects get lost, ruined, destroyed, and damaged no matter how hard you try to keep them. With these, the postings are not only portable but you can keep them safe while learning from them and going back to them many years afterwards. It is also a lot of fun to have them. Its thanks to these that all of the themes were able to come out and that I was able to see that the entire class revolved around Collin's poem.


A Catch-Up: Independance


.:.Prompt.:.
Declaration of Independence, by Thomas Jefferson (Course Pack).
Synopsis of The Marriage of Figaro by Mozart (Course Pack).

Act 1 – Opening duet: Cinque, dieci, venti, trenta [“Five, ten, twenty, thirty”] – Figaro measures the bed where he and his bride will sleep.  No lyrics posted; we’ll watch this in class.
Act 2 – Voi che sapete che cosa è amor  [“You ladies who know what love is…”] and
Act 3 – Dove sono i bei momenti [“Where are they, the beautiful moments?”] (Course Pack).
    In class we’ll watch three scenes from the opera and discuss them. (Listen on E-study).
BLOG: A characteristic of the Enlightenment is that the common man is elevated. Earlier periods focused almost entirely on the nobility and/or aristocracy. How are the Declaration and Figaro alike as Enlightenment texts? Why do we consider both Jefferson and Mozart as Enlightenment thinkers? Include pictures of Mozart and Jefferson, as well as an image of an opera poster for The Marriage of Figaro.

Thursday, April 12, 2012

Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy in the Poetics





.:.Prompt.:.
Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy in the Poetics (Course Pack). Introduction to Aristotle and selection from The Poetics. The Poetics is the first systematic work of literary criticism in the Western world. Aristotle founded a school, the Lyceum, which collected manuscripts and is often considered the first research library. He was the tutor of Alexander the Great.
A link is posted on E-study for an interactive outline of Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy in the Poetics. Click on a “Context” tab and go to the full-text section.
         BLOG: Give a brief but clear explanation of what Aristotle means by the following terms (not a dictionary definition or something you learned in high school – just Aristotle):
·    Tragedy
·    The difference between a simple and a complex plot. Which one does Aristotle prefer?
·    hamartia  (not necessarily the definition you learned in high school)
·     katharsis  (again, not necessarily the definition you learned in high school)
·     deus ex machine (how does Aristotle feel about this?)
        Include images of Ancient Greek theater ruins such as Aristotle would have known.
Christophers, Harry - Conductor
Symphony of Harmony and Invention 
 

Tuesday, April 10, 2012

Fate and the Warning



.:.Prompt.:.
Three views of Fate: Ancient, Medieval, and Enlightenment
In the Ancient world, as the Editor of the Norton Anthology of Literature points out, “even behind the gods stands the mysterious power of Fate.” We have seen this clearly in Homer’s Iliad.
There are actually two views of Fate in the middle ages: the secular and the religious.
    Secular: as expressed in the song text, “O Fortuna, Imperatrix Mundi,” from Carmina Burana
    Religious: St. Augustine of Hippo (500 AD): “On Fate” from The city of God (Course Pack);

Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626): “Of Fortune” (Course Pack).
    Sir Frances Bacon is an Enlightenment thinker, while St. Augustine of Hippo (obviously not the same one who went to Christianize England in 597 AD) is writing between the Ancient and Medieval worlds. During the Enlightenment, Francis Bacon expresses a rather modern view toward Fate. Obviously, the Medieval Christian world insists that God is responsible for everything that happens.
          BLOG: Find a song about Fate. Post the lyrics and a link to Youtube, Grooveshark, or Naxos. Explain the song’s relevance to our study.  Would St. Augustine or Bacon agree?

Monday, April 9, 2012

Homer, The Iliad: Achilles and Priam


.:.Prompt.:.
[Greek Epic Poetry]: Homer, The Iliad
Book 22 “The Death of Hector” (Lombardo pp 422-439)
From Book 23 “Patroclus’ Ghost Begs for Burial” (Lombardo pp 440-447, lines 1-245)
Book 24 “Achilles and Priam” (Lombardo 467-492)

          BLOG: After the death of Patroclus, Achilles changes. We might say he becomes inhuman for a while. Name at least three inhuman things he does – or human things he stops doing. What happens to him and to Priam in Book 24? Both Achilles and Priam change. How so? What does Achilles offer to do for Priam that signals his return to humanity? Include vase/jar images showing Achillles and Priam (try Art Resource).
Ovid: from Metamorphoses: The death of Achilles (Course Pack).

Wednesday, April 4, 2012

Homer: The Illiad


.:.Prompt.:.
Introduction to Homer (8th Century BCE) and his work (Lombardo pp xvii-lviii) [Greek Epic Poetry]: Homer, The Iliad , translated by Stanley Lombardo Be sure to use the Reading Guide for Homer’s Iliad.          Book 1 “The Rage of Achilles” (pp 1-19). The movie Troy is interesting, but it won’t substitute for reading Homer’s text. Not only is Brad Pitt a wimpy Achilles, Hollywood (as usual) has changed the story. Never judge a book by its movie, especially this one. The Trojan War provides a backdrop for Homer’s epic, but the Iliad is not really about the Trojan War.
          BLOG: The Iliad begins in medias res. What does that mean? According to Homer’s own words, what is the Iliad about? What is unique about Achilles? Who is Briseis? What is her relationship to Achilles? Define kleos, timē, and kleos apthiton. Find a song that illustrates one or more of these concepts.
From Book 9 “Achilles’ “Paradox of Glory” (Lombardo pp 169-172, lines 311-445)
          BLOG: Define paradox and explain Achilles’ “Paradox of Glory?” Reference the text.
From Book 16 Patroclus prophesies Hector’s soon demise (Lombardo p 330, lines 884-894)
From Book 17 Hector strips Achilles’ divine armor off the dead body of Patroclus and takes it with him (Lombardo p 336, lines 123-129)

          BLOG: What is the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus (not the one from the movie Troy)? Patroclus went into battle wearing Achilles’ armor and dies. Who kills Patroclus? What happens to the armor? Why does this matter? Very important! Think about it. Include image of vase/jar painting showing Achilles and Patroclus (try Art Resource).



Thursday, March 29, 2012

Brief History of the Trojan War


.:.Prompt.:.

Brief History of the Trojan War (Course Pack). This is very important reading and will provide the necessary foundation for the Iliad and the Oresteia. The Trojan War was part of the Ancient World’s cultural heritage, what Jung would call their collective unconscious. Everyone knew the story and the legends surrounding it.
BLOG: Who started the Trojan war? (Helen is not really the culprit).  In what ways do the gods/goddesses behave like humans in this story? Think about how Ancient people may have dealt with the idea that their deities were immortal but sometimes behaved unethically and treacherously – both to each other and to humans. How would feel about such gods? Include images of Helen of Troy. In the movie Troy Brad Pitt plays Achilles. What actor (or other character) could you visualize playing a better Achilles? Why? Include his/her picture.


Tuesday, March 27, 2012

The Story of Joseph





.:.Prompt.:.

Moses: The Story of Joseph from the King James Bible (Course Pack).
          BLOG: Think carefully about the reading questions at the end of the story of Joseph.
Consider our class discussion about epic heroes. How is Joseph an epic hero? What epic things does he accomplish? How many lives are affected by his behavior/choices? Include image of Joseph from The Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.


[Ancient Eastern Text]: The Story of Joseph from the Koran (Course Pack).

          BLOG: The Koran version of the story of Joseph differs from the KJV in several ways. Discuss at least two of them. Find a modern piece of literature, a song, or a movie that illustrates a concept from the Story of Joseph. Explain it here and imbed the piece. 

Thursday, March 15, 2012

Greek Philosophy: Aristotle




.:.Prompt.:.
[Greek Philosophy]: Aristotle [384 – 322 BCE] “Friendship,” Book VIII, from the Nicomachean
Ethics [350 BCE] (Course Pack)
 [Greek Philosophy]: Aristotle: “The Grounds of Friendship,”  Book IX from the Nicomachean Ethics [350 BCE] (Course Pack)

          BLOG: What three “kinds” of friendship does Aristotle identify? Choose a song (classical, rock, pop, etc.) that illustrates at least one kind of Aristotle’s friendship. Explain why it works. Include the lyrics. Use quotes from both the song lyrics and from Aristotle’s text to support your comparison. Imbed the song from Youtube, Grooveshark, or Naxos. Include a picture that seems to illustrate your point.

Tuesday, March 13, 2012

Socrates: Apology








.:.Prompt.:.
[Greek Philosophy]: Socrates [469-399 BCE], “Apology” (Course Pack)
   
Here Socrates famously says, “The unexamined life is not worth living.” The “Apology” purports to be a historical record of Socrates’ trial in Athens.
          BLOG:
Who actually wrote the Apology? What are the charges against Socrates? He tells the jurors that he has been a “gadfly” to the city of Athens. What does this mean? Exactly what is a gadfly? What does a gadfly do? Socrates is convinced that this is his job in life. Why does he think so? What is Socrates’ view toward his coming death? Include a picture of Socrates and of a gadfly.

Thursday, March 8, 2012

The Canterbury Tales: The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale








.:.Prompt.:.
[Medieval narrative poetry – exemplum]: The Canterbury Tales, “The Words of the Host to the Physician and the Pardoner; The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale” (Portable Chaucer pp 316-335)
          BLOG: Define Pardoner, indulgence, relic. “The Pardoner’s Tale” is an exemplum. Define exemplum? The Pardoner says he preaches only one text: radix malorum es cupiditas. What does that mean? Although the Pardoner has “spilled his guts” in his Prologue, he does something bizarre at the close of his Tale; what is it? What does this reveal about him? Include images of relics similar to those the Pardoner carries.
The Canterbury Tales, “Chaucer’s Retraction” (Portable Chaucer pp 341-342).
          

          BLOG: What does retraction mean in this context? Is he seriously taking everything back? If not, why is the Retraction included?



Tuesday, March 6, 2012

The Canterbury Tales: The Merchant’s Prologue and Tale





 .:.Prompt.:.
[Medieval narrative poetry – fabliau]: The Canterbury Tales, “The Merchant’s Prologue and Tale; Epilogue to the Merchant’s Tale” (Portable Chaucer pp 264-291)
          BLOG:
Fabliaux were written in French 100 years before Chaucer, but he is the first to write fabliaux in English. What is a fabliau? Find a correct literary definition. The Eagles’ song, “Lyin’ Eyes” (by Don Henley and Glenn Frey) warns that “every form of refuge has its price.” Listen to the song on Grooveshark. Is Chaucer saying the same thing in this tale? Is this story didactic? Include image of Chaucer from the Ellesmere manuscript (Google it).

Thursday, March 1, 2012

The Canterbury Tales: The General Prologue




.:.Prompt.:.
Medieval Estates and Orders (Course Pack); Aelfric (Course Pack)
“Imperatrix Mundi”
from Carmina Burana by Carl Orff (Course Pack)
Introduction to Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400) and his work (Portable Chaucer pp 1-49)
[Medieval narrative poetry]: The Canterbury Tales, “The General Prologue” (Portable Chaucer pp 51-75).
BLOG:
According to Aelfric, what are the three medieval Estates? What does Chaucer say about the “estate” of the characters in the General Prologue? In the GP, Chaucer presents the “frame tale” that holds his collection of stories together. Summarize the frame tale. This is often called “Estates Satire.” Why so?   Include images of Canterbury Cathedral.

Tuesday, February 28, 2012

Introduction to the Middle Ages


.:.Prompt.:.
Introduction to the Middle Ages: Lecture on the development of the English language from Celtic to Medieval and beyond.
Use the “Timeline of World Events” (Course Pack) as a reference.
“Sumer is icumen in” (Course Pack). Listen to the song on E-study
“Bisclavret” Breton lay by Marie de France (Course Pack)
          BLOG: Considering the place of women in medieval society, do you find it unusual that a woman has written a story about the treachery of a woman? Include image of a werewolf.
Ovid, Metamorphoses: the Story of “Daedalus and Icarus” (Course Pack).
          BLOG: Icarus is the “poster child” for hubris, the great sin of the Ancient world. Exactly what is hubris? How do we feel about hubris today? Provide at least two examples from 20th-21st century and explain your choices. Include news clips and/or images from the web.
 

Tuesday, February 21, 2012

Shakespeare: A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Acts 4-5


.:.Prompt.:.
Shakespeare, William, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Acts 4-5 (Folger pp 119-173)
    BLOG: Ancient Athens is a totally patriarchal world. Shakespeare likes to overturn power dynamics in his plays, and especially expectations regarding gender. Give several examples in this play of gender roles being overturned.  Also, how does Puck explain the title of Midsummer Night’s Dream in his epilogue? Find Mendelssohn’s wedding music for this play. Listen to it and imbed Naxos link. Include several different images of Puck.


Friday, February 17, 2012

Shakespeare: A Midsummer Night's Dream: Acts 1-3



.:.Prompt.:.
Shakespeare, William, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Acts 1-3 (Folger pp 3-117)
    BLOG: Write a brief description of each of the plots that are going on simultaneously in this play, including the names of the characters involved. Why does everyone end up in the forest? Include an image of the Globe Theater and of the “rude mechanicals.”

Tuesday, February 14, 2012

William Shakespeare





.:.Prompt.:.
Introduction to the Renaissance (Course Pack). Introduction to William Shakespeare (1564-1616)  (Folger Library Midsummer Night’s Dream pp xiii-xliv)
    BLOG: Where was Shakespeare born? Whom did he marry? What is the verse form of Shakespeare’s plays? From a business perspective, what was innovative about Shakespeare’s acting company compared to his contemporaries? Under Elizabeth I, what was his acting company’s name? What was it under James I? Include images of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I, and James I. (Try Art Resource on Waterfield Library website.)

Tuesday, February 7, 2012

Marx: “Bourgeois and Proletarians”




.:.Prompt.:.

Karl Marx (1818-1883) “Bourgeois and Proletarians” from the Manifesto of the Communist Party (Course Pack).
BLOG:
What two groups of people does Marx see struggling for dominance in his world? Which group does he predict will win? Why does he think so?


Marxist (or anti-Marxist?) music: “Millworker” song by James Taylor (Course Pack).
BLOG:
Taylor’s song is about a textile mill laborer during the American Industrial Revolution (early 20th century). Taylor quotes almost exactly from Marx. Identify the line in the song and reference it to Marx. Include a picture of a textile millworker.


Modern economic philosophy (Do you think?): “Mercedes Benz” Janis Joplin (1943-1970) (Course Pack).
BLOG:
Note the opening (spoken) line in Joplin’s song. Is this song intended to be serious in any way? If so, how? What does Joplin mean by “social and political import?” Is this song satire? Explain. Include a picture of Janis Joplin and a Mercedes Benz.



Thursday, February 2, 2012

Songs: Vier Letze Lieder by Strauss



.:.Prompt.:.
[German Romantic Lyric Poetry and music]: Richard Strauss, song cycle: Vier letzte Lieder [Four Last Songs] The German and English texts are in the Course Pack. Before you come to class, be sure to listen to them, sung by Jessye Norman.
Frühling (“Spring”)
September
Beim Schlafengehen (“Going to Sleep”)
Im Abendrot (“At Sunset”)
BLOG: What is a song cycle? (If you don’t know, find out.) What is Strauss’s overriding theme in this cycle? The last song, “Im Abendrot,” is obviously about death. Why is significant that larks appear in this song? What kind of birds are they? When do larks sing? Does ending with a question make the entire song cycle more powerful? How so? Include pictures of Richard Strauss and Jessye Norman (perhaps the album cover).



Tuesday, January 31, 2012

Opera: Madame Butterfly



.:.Prompt.:.
Giacomo Puccini: four arias from the opera Madame Butterfly“Dovunque al mondo”
“Ancor un passo or via.”
“Un bel dì vedremo”
“Addio fiorito” (suicide aria)
The Italian and English texts are in the Course Pack. Read the background story of the opera and listen to the arias (E-study).
    BLOG:  Based on the texts of these arias, what do you think of the character of Pinkerton? Of Butterfly? Of Sharpless? Of Goro? What might this opera tell us about the United States’ attitude (and that of Western cultures in general) toward Eastern cultures during the early 19th century? Include images of at least two opera posters for Madame Butterfly.



Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Opera: Vanessa, Act 1, scene 1



.:.Prompt.:.

Samuel Barber (lyrics Menotti): two arias from the opera Vanessa, Act 1, scene 1. 



          Vanessa: “Do not utter a word”  (Course Pack). Read the background story of the opera posted in the Course Pack and listen to Leontyne Price sing the aria. 
          BLOG: Vanessa’s aria is a terrific example of sustained dramatic irony. Be sure you know what dramatic irony means (look it up). How does it work to intensify this scene? Why has Vanessa covered all the mirrors in the house? Include a picture of Samuel Barber, a picture of Leontyne Price, and an image from the opera if you can find one.
         
Susan Graham
: “Must the winter come so soon?”  (Course Pack). Listen to Susan Graham sing the aria. 
          BLOG:  Consider the poetic images in the text: “hungry deer,” “frozen owl,” and “neither dawn nor sunset?” Why might the poet (Menotti) have chosen them for Erika’s aria? What do they suggest about her and her situation?